This session addresses the growing concern of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in Bhutan, a country home to many glaciers and glacial lakes in the Himalayas. GLOFs occur when a glacial lake, typically formed by the melting of glaciers, experiences a sudden release of water due to the breach of the natural dam that holds it in place, often caused by ice, rock, or debris movement. These events can result in devastating floods, impacting communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems downstream.

The session explores the scientific research and risk assessments conducted to identify and mitigate GLOF hazards in Bhutan. It discusses the vulnerability of certain regions to such floods, the monitoring systems in place to detect potential threats, and the measures being taken by the Bhutanese government to reduce risk, including early warning systems, dam strengthening, and relocation efforts for communities at risk.

Furthermore, the session highlights the broader environmental and climate change concerns contributing to the increasing frequency of glacial lake formation and the retreat of glaciers in Bhutan’s high mountain ranges. It underscores the importance of sustainable development practices, disaster preparedness, and international cooperation in addressing the challenges posed by GLOFs, ensuring that Bhutan is equipped to protect both its people and its natural heritage.