This session covers two distinct yet important topics related to environmental and agricultural sustainability. The first part focuses on the rich forests of the Bhutan Himalayas, exploring their ecological significance and the conservation benefits they offer, including biodiversity preservation, carbon sequestration, and support for local communities. It highlights Bhutan’s efforts to protect these vital ecosystems through sustainable forestry practices. The second part shifts to agricultural science, discussing the molecular mapping and genetic characterization of rust resistance in wheat, an important research area aimed at improving crop resilience and food security. Together, the session connects natural resource conservation with scientific innovation in agriculture, illustrating their roles in sustainable development.